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Use what you know about where water is found on Earth to answer each question. Fill in blanks, answer questions, and read the graphs carefully.
1. About 71 percent of Earth's surface is covered by water. Of all the water on Earth, only about ___ percent is fresh water. The rest is salt water found in oceans.
2. This bar graph shows the approximate percentage of Earth's total water found in four major reservoirs. Use the graph to answer: Which reservoir holds the greatest percentage of Earth's water?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oceans Ice Caps and Glaciers Groundwater Surface Water Percentage of Earth's Total Water Water Reservoir Answer:
3. Fill in the table to compare three fresh water reservoirs. Use these approximate values: Ice caps and glaciers hold about 69 percent of Earth's fresh water. Groundwater holds about 30 percent. Lakes, rivers, and swamps hold less than 1 percent.
Feature Ice Caps and Glaciers Groundwater Lakes, Rivers, and Swamps Approximate percent of fresh water About 69% About 30% Less than 1% Easy for humans to use directly? No, mostly frozen Somewhat, by drilling wells Yes, most accessible Location on or under Earth's surface On surface, frozen Underground On surface, liquid
4. A student says: 'Because there is so much water on Earth, we will never run out of fresh water to drink.' Which statement best explains why this reasoning is incorrect?
A Most of Earth's water is salt water, and most fresh water is frozen or underground and hard to reach. B There is actually more fresh water than salt water on Earth's surface. C All of Earth's water can be easily converted to drinking water using sunlight. D Fresh water only exists in rivers and lakes, which cover most of Earth's surface. 5. Earth holds approximately 1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers of water in total. About 97 percent of that is salt water in the oceans. Step 1: Calculate the amount of salt water. Step 2: Subtract to find the amount of fresh water. About how many cubic kilometers of water on Earth is fresh water? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
6. Look back at what you learned about water distribution on Earth. Explain why it is important to protect sources of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Use at least two facts about water distribution in your answer.
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